In my healing journey and learning to attain the breath awareness, I become aware of the reality that all the creatures of the world are breathing the same breath. Take action, here and now. From my physical being to the every corner of this out of balance's planet.
研究主要作者、澳洲珊瑚礁卓越研究中心（ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies）主任休斯（Terry Hughes）教授說：「過去3、40年間，每個地點發生白化事件的時間間隔縮短成1/5；20世紀年80代初期每25到30年才一次，到2010年以來平均每6年就一次。在20世紀80年代之前，即使聖嬰現象強烈，也不曾發生珊瑚大規模白化，但現在由於氣溫持續上升，區域性大規模的珊瑚白化和死亡在全世界已經成為新常態。」
這篇研究「人類世珊瑚白化空間和時間模式」（“Spatial and temporal patterns of mass bleaching of corals in the Anthropocene”）將珊瑚白化現象分成三個時期，80年代前僅有地方性的珊瑚白化；20世紀80年代至90年代屬於過渡時期，當聖嬰現象比平常強烈時，開始出現大規模白化；到了現在則是氣候驅動白化時期，白化現象隨著聖嬰週期規律發生。
澳洲大堡礁發生數次白化。圖片來源：ANDREAS DIETZEL/ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES
「希望我們明確的研究成果將有助於加強澳洲、美國和其他地區的減排行動。」休斯說。
Oceans Dying With Too Much Heat, Too Little Oxygen
WASHINGTON, DC, January 8, 2018 (ENS)
For the first time, an international team of researchers measured the escalating rate of coral bleaching at locations throughout the tropics over the past four decades.
The study documents a shortening of the gap between pairs of bleaching events, threatening the future existence of these ecosystems and the livelihoods of many millions of people.
In a bleaching event, heat stress from record high summer temperatures damages the microscopic algae that live in the tissues of corals, turning them white. After they bleach, these stressed corals either slowly regain their algae and color as temperatures cool, or else they die.
“Reefs have entered a distinctive human-dominated era – the Anthropocene,” said co-author, Dr. C. Mark Eakin of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
“The climate has warmed rapidly in the past 50 years, first making El Niños dangerous for corals, and now we’re seeing the emergence of bleaching in every hot summer,” said Dr. Eakin.
“The time between bleaching events at each location has diminished five-fold in the past three to four decades, from once every 25-30 years in the early 1980s to an average of just once every six years since 2010,” says lead author Professor Terry Hughes, director of Australia’s ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, known as Coral CoE.
“Before the 1980s, mass bleaching of corals was unheard of, even during strong El Niño conditions,” said Hughes, “but now repeated bouts of regional-scale bleaching and mass mortality of corals has become the new normal around the world as temperatures continue to rise.”
The study, “Spatial and temporal patterns of mass bleaching of corals in the Anthropocene,” establishes a transition from a period before the 1980s when bleaching only occurred locally, to an intermediate stage in the 1980s and 1990s when mass bleaching was first recorded during warmer than average El Niño conditions, and finally to the current era when climate-driven bleaching is now occurring throughout ENSO cycles.
The Great Barrier Reef has now bleached four times since 1998, including for the first time during back-to-back events in 2016 and 2017, causing unprecedented damage. Yet the Australia government continues to support fossil fuels.
“We hope our stark results will help spur on the stronger action needed to reduce greenhouse gases in Australia, the United States and elsewhere,” said Hughes.
In my healing journey and learning to attain the breath awareness, I become aware of the reality that all the creatures of the world are breathing the same breath. Take action, here and now. From my physical being to the every corner of this out of balance's planet.
In my healing journey and learning to attain the breath awareness, I become aware of the reality that all the creatures of the world are breathing the same breath. Take action, here and now. From my physical being to the every corner of this out of balance's planet.
In my healing journey and learning to attain the breath awareness, I become aware of the reality that all the creatures of the world are breathing the same breath. Take action, here and now. From my physical being to the every corner of this out of balance's planet.
